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	Guild of Natural Science Illustrators GNSI 2000 Portugal: International Conference & Annual Meeting July 30 - August 07 2000 in Évora, Lisboa and Sagres, Portugal.
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Observing and sketching landforms is an excellent introduction to their genesis and morphology.

Line drawings from sketches of glaciated landforms in Wisconsin. Created for 4th grade Wisconsin social studies text.

Terminal moraines are found at the end and along the edges of glaciers. The glacier forms the moraines by pushing and dumping piles of many kinds of dirt and rocks. These moraines look like a wall of hills or a ridge. When you see a moraine, you are seeing how far the most recent glacier came into Wisconsin.

Drumlins have shapes like overturned canoes. They can vary in size from 50 to 100 feet in height and over a mile in length!

Kettles are formed when a big chunk of ice separates from the main glacier. This chunk is surrounded by rocks and dirt that the glacier leaves behind. When the chunk of ice melts, it leaves a deep hole. Today, kettles are usually filled with water and look like a lake or a pond.

Eskers are long, winding, narrow hills. They are formed by meltwater streams within glaciers. Overtime, deposits in the streams build up. They become long snakelike hills that follow the shape of the stream.

Sedimentary rock, horizontally bedded.

Homogeneous rock with gullies

Gneiss, pyramidal slopes

Primary rocks, steeply dipping strata, rocky spires

Studies based on the field sketches of Eduard Imhof, from "Cartographic Relief Presentation", published by Walter de Gruyter, Berlin , 1982.

Sketching Compared to Photographs >

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Last Updated: Sept. 20, 2000.